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The Army of Spain refers to the Spanish military units that fought against France's Grande Armée during the Peninsular War (2 May 1808 – 17 April 1814〔Glover, p 335. Denotes the date of the general armistice between France and the Sixth Coalition.〕) a period which coincided with what is also termed the Spanish War of Independence (''Guerra de la Independencia Española''). These regular troops were supplemented throughout the country by the guerrilla actions of local militias which, in the case of Catalonia, ran to thousands of well-organised "miquelets", or "somatenes", who had already proved their worth in the Catalan revolt of 1640 and in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714),〔Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Miquelets". Encyclopædia Britannica 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 566. At Wikisource. Retrieved 2 September 2013.〕 while in Andalusia, they were more modest in number, and sometimes little more than brigands who were, in some cases, feared by French troops and the civilian population alike but which were nevertheless a constant source of harassment to the French army and its lines of communication, as were the numerous spontaneous popular uprisings. So much so, that by summer 1811, French commanders deployed 70,000 troops only to keep said lines open between Madrid and the border with France.〔Bowen, Wayne H. and José E. Alvarez (2007) (''A Military History of Modern Spain: From the Napoleonic Era to the International War on Terror'', pp. 20–21. Greenwood Publishing Group. ) At Google Books. Retrieved 26 September 2013.〕 A list drawn up in 1812 puts the figure of such irregular troops at 38,520 men, divided into 22 guerrilla bands.〔Esdaile, Charles J. (2004) (''Fighting Napoleon: Guerrillas, Bandits and Adventurers in Spain, 1808-1814'', p. 108. Yale University Press ) At Google Books. Retrieved 14 September 2013.〕 At some battles, such as the Battle of Salamanca, the Army of Spain fought side-by-side with their allies of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, led by General Wellesley (who would not become the Duke of Wellington until after the Penininsular War was over). ==Background== Under the terms of the Treaty of Fontainebleau, which divided the Kingdom of Portugal and all Portuguese dominions between France and Spain, Spain agreed to augment, by three Spanish columns (numbering 25,500 men), the 28,000 troops Junot was already leading through Spain to invade Portugal. Crossing into Spain on 12 October 1807, Junot started a difficult march through the country, finally entering Portugal on 19 November. The three columns were as follows: *General Caraffa's 9,500 men were to assemble at Salamanca and Ciudad Rodrigo and cooperate with Junot's main force. *General Francisco Solano's column of 9,500 soldiers, which was to advance from Badajoz to capture Elvas and its fortress, invaded Portugal on 2 December 1807. *General Taranco's 6,500 troops occupied Porto on 13 December. The general died the following January, and on 6 June 1808, when news of the rebellion in Spain reached Porto, the new commander of the garrison, General Belestá, arrested the French governor, General Quesnel,〔Foy, Maximilien (1829) (''History of the War in the Peninsula, Under Napoleon: To which is Prefixed a View of the Political and Military State of the Four Belligerent Powers, Volume 2'', pp. 432–3. Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, jun. and Richter. ) At Google Books. Retrieved 15 September 2013.〕 and his 30-man dragoon escort and joined the armies fighting the French. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Army of Spain (Peninsular War)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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